Er3+单掺、Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂Ca12Al14O32F2的 制备及上转换发光性质

利用高温固相法成功制备了Er~(3+)单掺、Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(32)F_2上转换发光样品。在980 nm激光激发下,Er~(3+)单掺和Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂样品均呈现出较强的绿光(528,549 nm)和较弱的红光(655 nm)发射,分别归因于Er~(3+)离子的~2H_(11/2),~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(15/2)和~4F_(9/2)→~4I_(15/2)能级跃迁。随着Er离子浓度的增加,单掺杂样品上转换发光强度先增大后减小,最佳掺杂浓度为0.8%。共掺杂Yb~(3+)后,Er~(3+)的发光强度明显增大。还原气氛下合成的样品上转换发光强度增大约两倍,可能和笼中阴离子基团变化有关。发光强度和激发光功率的关系表明所得上转换发射为双光子吸收过程,借助Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)体系能级结构详细讨论了上转换发射的跃迁机制。     

Comprehensive Profiling by Non-targeted Stable Isotope Tracing Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry: A New Tool Complementing Metabolomic Analyses of Polar Metabolites

Mass spectrometry (MS) driven metabolomics is a frequently used tool in various areas of life sciences; however, the analysis of polar metabolites is less commonly included. In general, metabolomic analyses lead to the detection of the total amount of all covered metabolites. This is currently a major limitation with respect to metabolites showing high turnover rates, but no changes in their concentration. Such metabolites and pathways could be crucial metabolic nodes (e.g., potential drug targets in cancer metabolism). A stable-isotope tracing capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) metabolomic approach was developed to cover both polar metabolites and isotopologues in a non-targeted way. An in-house developed software enables high throughput processing of complex multidimensional data. The practicability is demonstrated analyzing [U-¹³C]-glucose exposed prostate cancer and non-cancer cells. This CE-MS-driven analytical strategy complements polar metabolite profiles through isotopologue labeling patterns, thereby improving not only the metabolomic coverage, but also the understanding of metabolism.     

基于计算机视觉技术的茶叶品质随机森林感官评价方法研究

为弥补茶叶品质感官审评存在的缺陷，利用计算机视觉技术对茶叶品质进行快速无损评价研究。以碧螺春绿茶为对象，依据专家感官审评结果，将茶样分成4个等级；采用中值滤波及拉普拉斯算子对茶样图像进行预处理，并提取预处理后的茶样图像的颜色特征和纹理特征以表征茶叶图像的外形特征，利用随机森林算法对茶叶外形特征属性进行重要性排序；筛选出重要性较大的特征及随机森林算法中最优的决策树棵数建立感官评价模型，并与建立的支持向量机(SVM)模型性能相比较。结果表明：色调均值、色调标准差、绿体均值、平均灰度级、饱和度均值、红体均值、饱和度标准差、亮度均值、一致性等9个特征属性的重要性较大，且与感官审评特征描述结果相一致；当采用优选出的9个重要性较大的特征及决策数棵数为500时，建立的模型性能最优，模型总体判别率为95.75%，Kappa系数为0.933，OOB误差为5%，较SVM模型分别提高了3.5%，0.066，优选的9个重要性较大的图像特征与感官审评特征描述相一致。研究表明：利用随机森林方法筛选出对茶叶外形特征属性贡献最大的少数几个特征建立模型，模型性能就能达到很好的识别效果，模型得到简化，同时模型精度和稳定性都高于其他方法。     

Correlation between Boron Isotope of Coral Acropora and pH Value of Seawater Surface

A water circulation system with the almost same element composition and socket type was adopted in coral Acropora culture under different seawater pH value conditions and the data of the relationship between boron isotopic compositions of coral and seawater pH value by thermoelectric ionization mass spectrometer were obtained. According to the correlations between α_carb-3 of coral and the pH value of cultured seawater, α_carb-3 was not a constant but related to pH value, indicating that B(OH)₃ also incorporated carbonate. Therefore, the theoretical formula could not be used to calculate the seawater pH value from the δ¹¹B_carb value of the measured marine biological carbonate. The empirical equations obtained experimentally would be an alternative method to calculate the seawater pH value. In addition, the mixed precipitation of CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂ was found in aquaculture tanks with high pH value, and the δ¹¹B of the solid was significantly higher than that of cultured seawater. The result indicated that the presence of Mg(OH)₂ had a significant effect on the boron isotope fractionation, which deserved our attention.     

La1-x CaxAl0.8Cr0.2O3/CaZrO3(0≤x≤0.2)复相陶瓷材料发射率的研究

以La2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、Cr2O3、CaCO3为原料,通过高温固相反应法制备La1-xCaxAl0.8 Cr0.2O3/CaZrO3(0≤x≤0.2)复相陶瓷材料,分别通过XRD、SEM和EDS等仪器对试样的物相组成和显微结构进行分析,利用紫外可见近红外分光光度计测量其红外吸收曲线.结果 表明:当CaZrO3理论生成量和La1-xCaxAl0.8Cr0.2O3的摩尔比小于0.20时复相陶瓷材料在0.76～2.5 μm的发射率较La0.8 Ca0.2Al0.8Cr0.2O3得到进一步提高,当CaZrO3理论生成量和La1-xCaxAl0.8Cr0.2O3的摩尔比为0.04时发射率最佳.     

纳米硅增强纳米纤维薄膜的制备与研究

利用纳米硅粉和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的乙醇混合溶液,通过静电纺丝和碳化制备了Si/C纳米纤维薄膜.通过XRD、SEM、XPS、拉伸测试和TG法对样品进行表征.结果表明,纤维直径、薄膜表面元素含量、碳化薄膜强度可以通过控制Si与PVP含量而调节;当Si与PVP的质量比为0.2时,碳化薄膜拉伸强度最高其值为(6.1±0.3)MPa,继续增加硅的含量其薄膜强度明显降低.     

氮化镓单晶生长研究进展

氮化镓(GaN)作为第三代宽禁带半导体核心材料之一,具有高击穿场强、高饱和电子漂移速率、抗辐射能力强和良好的化学稳定性等优良特性,是制作宽波谱、高功率、高效率光电子、电力电子和微电子的理想材料.受制于氮化镓单晶衬底的尺寸、产能及成本的影响,当前的GaN基器件主要基于异质衬底(硅、碳化硅、蓝宝石等)制作而成,GaN单晶衬底的缺乏已成为制约GaN器件发展的瓶颈.近年来,国内外在GaN单晶衬底制备方面取得了较大的进展.本文综述了氮化镓单晶生长的最新进展,包括氢化物气相外延法、氨热法和钠助熔剂法的研究进展,分析了各生长方法面临的挑战与机遇,并对氮化镓单晶材料的发展趋势讲行了展望.     

Robust nonlinear control design for dynamic positioning of marine vessels with thruster system dynamics

Nonlinear Dynamics - Considering the dynamics characteristics of thruster systems for dynamically positioned marine vessels with model parameter uncertainties and unknown time-varying ocean...     

棒状PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

通过共混法和原位氧化聚合法成功制备了棒状聚苯胺/TiO2纳米复合材料,通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、TGA、TEM、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等测试对其进行表征.并以罗丹明B溶液为模拟污染物,在可见光条件下,棒状PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料的催化降解效率与纯PANI和TiO2相比明显提高.另外,对两种不同方法合成的PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料的光催化性能进行对比,结果表明原位氧化聚合法制得的复合材料,由于TiO2在复合材料中的均匀分布及其与PANI的协同效应,光催化降解率可达91.11;.